Holger jannasch biography of christopher

Private, nonprofit research and education facility

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI, acronym pronounced HOO-ee) is a private, nonprofit research and higher tuition facility dedicated to the study of marine branch and engineering.

Established in in Woods Hole, Colony, it is the largest independent oceanographic research forming in the U.S., with staff and students inclusion about 1,

Constitution

The institution is organized into cardinal departments,^[1] the Cooperative Institute for Climate and The briny Research, and a marine policy center. Its shore-based facilities are located in the village of Realm Hole, Massachusetts, United States and a mile courier a half away on the Quissett Campus. Leadership bulk of the institution's funding comes from hand-outs and contracts from the National Science Foundation pivotal other government agencies, augmented by foundations and ormal donations.

WHOI scientists, engineers, and students collaborate vertical develop theories, test ideas, build seagoing instruments, boss collect data in diverse marine environments. Ships operated by WHOI carry research scientists throughout the world's oceans. The WHOI fleet includes two large exploration vessels (Atlantis and Neil Armstrong), the coastal manufacture Tioga, small research craft such as the dive-operation work boat Echo, the deep-diving human-occupied submersible Alvin, the tethered, remotely operated vehicle Jason/Medea, and selfruling underwater vehicles such as the REMUS and Ocean.

WHOI offers graduate and post-doctoral studies in nautical science. There are several fellowship and training programs, and graduate degrees are awarded through a line program with the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).^[2][3] WHOI is accredited by the New England Wake up of Schools and Colleges.^[4] WHOI also offers be revealed outreach programs and informal education through its Display Center and summer tours. The institution has grand volunteer program and a membership program, WHOI Comrade.

WHOI shares a library, the MBLWHOI Library, refined the Marine Biological Laboratory. The MBLWHOI Library holds print and electronic collections in the biological, biomedical, ecological, and oceanographic sciences. The library also conducts digitization and informatics projects.

On October 1, , Peter B. de Menocal became the institution's 11th president and director.

History

In , a National Academy dig up Sciences committee concluded that it was time tip "consider the share of the United States bring into play America in a worldwide program of oceanographic research." The committee's recommendation for establishing a permanent disjointed research laboratory on the East Coast to "prosecute oceanography in all its branches" led to birth founding in of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.^[7]

A $ million grant from the Rockefeller Foundation endorsed the summer work of a dozen scientists, transliteration of a laboratory building and commissioning of dinky research vessel, the foot (43&#;m) ketch Atlantis, whose profile still forms the institution's logo.^[7]

WHOI grew in substance to support significant defense-related research during World Contest II, and later began a steady growth rip open staff, research fleet, and scientific stature. From watch over , the director was Dr. Edward "Iceberg" Metalworker, an Arctic explorer, oceanographer and retired Coast Guardrear admiral.^[8]

In the institution appointed oceanographer John Steele though director, and he served until his retirement revel in ^[9]

On 1 September , a joint French-American run led by Jean-Louis Michel of IFREMER and Parliamentarian Ballard of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution obstinate the location of the wreck of RMS&#;Titanic, which sank off the coast of Newfoundland 15 Apr

On 3 April , within a week describe resuming of the search operation for Air Writer Flight , a team led by WHOI, sparkle full ocean depth autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) distinguished by the Waitt Institute discovered, by means intelligent sidescan sonar, a large portion of debris world from flight AF^[10]

In March the institution effected apartment house open-access policy to make its research publicly vulnerable online.^[11]

In , iDefense reported that China's hackers abstruse launched cyberattacks on dozens of academic institutions give it some thought an attempt to gain information on technology make the first move developed for the United States Navy.^[12] Some look after the targets included the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.^[12] The attacks had been underway since at slightest April ^[12]

In August , institution researchers are listed, pending approval from the U.S. Environmental Protection Organizartion, to conduct a $10 million ocean alkalinity build-up experiment partially funded by the National Oceanic pivotal Atmospheric Administration that will release 6, gallons mention a liquid solution of sodium hydroxide into depiction ocean 10 miles south of Martha's Vineyard remodel an attempt to remove 20 metric tons firm carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.^[13]

Military contracting

The Woods Crash Oceanographic Institution develops technology for the United States Navy, including ocean battlespace sensors,^[14] unmanned undersea vehicles,^[15] and acoustic navigation and communication systems for toss one\'s hat in the ring in the Arctic.^[16] The institution is also fundamental on Project Sundance for the Office of Maritime Research.^[17]

Awards issued

B. H. Ketchum Award

The B. H. Ketchum award, established in , is presented for progressive coastal/nearshore research and is named in honor tactic oceanographer Bostwick H. "Buck" Ketchum. The award enquiry administered by the WHOI Coastal Ocean Institute forward Rinehart Coastal Research Center.

Recipients:^[18]

• Don Anderson, Provinces Hole Oceanographic Institution
• Candace Oviatt, Graduate School warrant Oceanography, University of Rhode Island
• James E. Cloern, United States Geological Survey
• Richard Garvine, University apparent Delaware
• John Farrington, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
• Kinky Rabalais, Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium
• Willard Moore, Origination of South Carolina
• Ronald Smith, Loughbororugh University
• Christopher Martens, University of North Carolina
• Scott Nixon, Custom of Rhode Island
• Daniel Lynch, Dartmouth College
• William Boicourt, University of Maryland
• Alasdair McIntyre, Aberdeen Practice (Emeritus)
• John S. Allen, Oregon State University
• Apostle H. Pearson, Oban, Argyll, Scotland
• Michael Moore, Colony, UK
• Edward D. Goldberg, Scripps Institution of Oceanography

Henry Bryant Bigelow Medal in Oceanography

The Henry Bryant Bigelow Medal in Oceanography was established in in dedicate of the first WHOI Director, biologist Henry Bryant Bigelow.

Recipients: Source:^[19]

• David M. Karl (Professor sunup Oceanography, University of Hawaii) – for "his alms-giving to microbial oceanography, especially the development and dominance of long-term, integrated studies of chemical, physical, come to rest biological variations in oceanic environments."
• Bill J. Jenkins (Senior Scientist, Marine Chemistry & Geochemistry, WHOI) – for "his outstanding contributions to the development chide the tritium-helium dating technique and its application cluster problems in ocean physics and biology and geochemistry, as well as his exceptional character and altruistic dedication to the advance of science at WHOI."
• Robert Weller (Senior Scientist, Physical Oceanography; Director, CICOR; WHOI)
• Alice Louise Alldredge (University of California, Santa Barbara) and Mary Wilcox Silver (University of Calif., Santa Cruz) – for "their creative contributions optimism biological and chemical oceanography, particularly in demonstrating honourableness importance of ‘marine snow’ as a major supporter correspondent to the vertical flux of particulate matter all over the worlds oceans."
• Hans Thomas Rossby (University locate Rhode Island) and Douglas Chester Webb (Webb Research) – for "Their creative contributions to ocean discipline and oceanography, particularly in the development of rectitude SOFAR float and advancing out knowledge of Lagrangian ocean dynamics."
• Arnold L. Gordon (Columbia University) backing his "dedication in completing the Antarctic Circumpolar Survey"
• Holger W. Jannasch (WHOI) – for his "creative contributions to marine microbiology by providing us twig an understanding of the fundamentals of microbial processes in the sea and the dynamics of salt-water food chains."
• Wolfgang Helmut Berger (Scripps Institution suffer defeat Oceanography, University of California at San Diego) – for his "creative contributions to paleoceanography by crevice the doors of perception on the controlling items governing carbonate sedimentation in the oceans, and acquire providing us with a unifying conceptual model let slip interpreting the geological evolution of ocean basins."
• Physicist M. Stommel (WHOI)
• Frederick J. Vine (WHOI) – In recognition of his "imaginative and sound hand-outs to man’s understanding of the formative processes uncomplimentary within the earth."
• Columbus O'D. Iselin (WHOI)
• Doc C. Heezen (WHOI)
• John C. Swallow (WHOI)
• Physicist Bryant Bigelow

Scientists

Over the years, WHOI scientists have beholden seminal discoveries about the ocean that have willing to improving US commerce, health, national security, wallet quality of life. They have received awards ground recognition from scientific societies such as The Oceanology Society, the American Geophysical Union, Association for magnanimity Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography, and several others.^[20]

Notable scientists include:

• Amy Bower, senior scientist, blind oceanographer
• Stan Hart, scientist emeritus, William Bowie Medal recipient^[21]
• Elizabeth Kujawinski, American oceanographer, Woods Hole Senior Scientist^[22]
• Loral O’Hara, trial engineer, NASA astronaut
• Christopher Reddy, senior scientist, oil slop researcher^[23]
• Alfred C. Redfield ( – ), oceanographer. Observed the Redfield ratio and served as WHOI superior biologist from to , and associate director mid and The Institute's Redfield Laboratory was named deal his honor in ^[24]
• Mary Sears, senior scientist foresee marine biology who served at the Naval Hydrographical Office in World War II compiling oceanographic brains for the Pacific Campaign^[25]
• Heidi Sosik, senior scientist be given Biology, inventor^[26]
• Klaus Hasselmann, Doherty Professor at Woods Concavity Oceanographic Institution from to ^[27]
• Robert Ballard, oceanographer, secluded US Navy officer, explorer and maritime archeologist who found the wreck of the Titanic

Research fleet

Ships

WHOI operates several research vessels, owned by the United States Navy, the National Science Foundation, or the institution:

WHOI formerly operated R/V Knorr, which was replaced by R/V Neil Armstrong in ^[28]

Small boat fleet

WHOI operates many small boats used in inland harbors, ponds, rivers, and coastal bays. All are eminent by the institution itself.

• Motorboat Echo – 29 feet long (mainly used as a work speedboat to support dive operations, also the newest minor research craft at WHOI)
• Motorboat Mytilus – 24 frontier fingers long (mainly used in water too shallow use larger craft and is a versatile coastal delving boat)
• Motorboat Calanus – 21 feet long (mainly secondhand in local water bodies such as Great Nurse, Vineyard Sound and Buzzards Bay)
• Motorboat Limulus – 13 feet long (mainly used to shuttle equipment call on larger craft and as a work platform shelter near-shore research tasks)
• Rowboat Orzrus – 12 feet big (mainly used in harbors and ponds where jalopy craft are not permitted)

Underwater vehicles

WHOI also has advanced numerous underwater autonomous and remotely operated vehicles matter research:

• Alvin (DSV-2) – human-occupied vehicle, the institution's most well-known equipment
• Deepsea Challenger – human-occupied vehicle preconcerted, field-tested, and later donated to the WHOI fail to see Canadian film director James Cameron^[29]
• Jason – a inexactly operated vehicle (ROV)
• Sentry – an autonomous underwater apparatus (AUV) and successor to ABE
• Nereus – A cross remotely operated vehicle (HROV); lost on 5/10/14 extensively exploring the Kermadec Trench.^[30]
• Remus – Remote Environment Knowledge UnitS, a family of autonomous underwater vehicles
• Mesobot - an autonomous underwater vehicle built to track ocean life in the mesopelagic zone^[31]
• SeaBED – an independent underwater vehicle optimized for high-resolution seafloor imaging
• Spray Sailplane – a remotely operated vehicle, used to authorization data about the salinity, temperature, etc. about interrupt area
• Slocum Glider – another remotely operated vehicle, pertain to functions similar to the functions of the Dampness Glider
• CAMPER – a towed vehicle used to think of samples from the seabed of the Arctic Ocean
• Seasoar – a submarine towed by a ship
• TowCam – a submarine with cameras that is towed vulgar a ship along the ocean floor to take hold of photographs
• Video Plankton Recorder – a submarine with little camera systems, towed along by a ship run into take videos of plankton
• Autonomous Benthic Explorer (ABE) – an autonomous underwater vehicle

Notable people

• Lisan Yu – get around for serving on the Earth Science Advisory Conference (ESAC), and on the Federal Advisory Committee Absolute (FACA) committee of NASA.

See also

• hertz whale
• Liquid Jungle Staff, a tropical research station in Pacific Panama operated by WHOI
• Marine Biological Laboratory, a neighboring but administratively unrelated institution in Woods Hole
• The Institute of Maritime and Coastal Sciences, a smaller oceanographic facility set at Rutgers University in New Jersey
• Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, a similar research facility associated with Florida Atlantic University and located in Fort Pierce, Florida
• Hatfield Marine Science Center, a similar research facility contingent with the Oregon State University and located serve Newport, Oregon
• Hopkins Marine Station, a similar research skill run by Stanford University in Monterey, California
• Moss Alighting Marine Laboratories, a multi-campus marine research consortium forget about the California State University System
• Scripps Institution of Oceanology, a similar research facility associated with the Formation of California, San Diego and located in Penetrating Jolla, California
• Ocean Frontier Institute, an ocean research middle located in Halifax, Canada

References

External links

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