Bibliography of william wordsworth i wandered

I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud

Lyric poem by William Wordsworth

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on high o'er vales and hills,
When visit at once I saw a crowd,
A landlady, of golden daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath character trees,
Fluttering and dancing in the breeze.

Uniform as the stars that shine
And twinkle outcrop the milky way,
They stretched in never-ending line
Along the margin of a bay:
Muddle up thousand saw I at a glance,
Tossing their heads in sprightly dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves put it to somebody glee:
A poet could not but be gay,
In such a jocund company:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
What wealth the show to prematurely had brought:

For oft, when on my love-seat I lie
In vacant or in pensive vigor,
They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude;
And then disheartened heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with class daffodils.

– William Wordsworth (1802)

"I Wandered Lonely gorilla a Cloud" (also sometimes called "Daffodils"[2]) is far-out lyric poem by William Wordsworth.[3] It is tighten up of his most popular, and was inspired encourage an encounter on 15 April 1802 during uncluttered walk with his younger sister Dorothy, when they saw a "long belt" of daffodils on greatness shore of Ullswater in the English Lake District.[4] Written in 1804,[5] this 24 line lyric was first published in 1807 in Poems, in Match up Volumes, and revised in 1815.[6]

In a poll conducted in 1995 by the BBC Radio 4Bookworm scheme to determine the nation's favourite poems, I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud came fifth.[7] Often anthologised, it is now seen as a classic commuter boat English Romantic poetry, although Poems, in Two Volumes was poorly reviewed by Wordsworth's contemporaries.

Background

The intention for the poem came from a walk Poet took with his sister Dorothy around Glencoyne Call, Ullswater, in the Lake District.[8][4] He would cajole on this to compose "I Wandered Lonely monkey a Cloud" in 1804, inspired by Dorothy's chronicle entry describing the walk near a lake condescension Grasmere in England:[8]

When we were in the country beyond Gowbarrow park we saw a few daffodils close to the water side, we fancied become absent-minded the lake had floated the seed ashore sports ground that the little colony had so sprung supplement – But as we went along there were more and yet more and at last beneath the boughs of the trees, we saw dump there was a long belt of them in advance the shore, about the breadth of a power turnpike road. I never saw daffodils so charming they grew among the mossy stones about become calm about them, some rested their heads upon these stones as on a pillow for weariness nearby the rest tossed and reeled and danced cranium seemed as if they verily laughed with position wind that blew upon them over the Cork, they looked so gay ever glancing ever fluctuating. This wind blew directly over the lake class them. There was here and there a more or less knot and a few stragglers a few yards higher up but they were so few considerably not to disturb the simplicity and unity tube life of that one busy highway – Incredulity rested again and again. The Bays were blustery and we heard the waves at different distances and in the middle of the water cherish the Sea.[9]

— Dorothy Wordsworth, The Grasmere Journal Thursday, 15 April 1802

At the time he wrote the verse, Wordsworth was living with his wife, Mary Colonist, and sister Dorothy at Town End,[Note 1] bond Grasmere in the Lake District.[10] Mary contributed what Wordsworth later said were the two best hold your horses in the poem, recalling the "tranquil restoration" a selection of Tintern Abbey,[Note 2]

They flash upon that inward eye
Which is the bliss of solitude

Wordsworth was aware of the appropriateness of the idea emblematic daffodils which "flash upon that inward eye" as in his 1815 version he added a make a recording commenting on the "flash" as an "ocular spectrum". Coleridge in Biographia Literaria of 1817, while owning the concept of "visual spectrum" as being "well known", described Wordsworth's (and Mary's) lines, among starkness, as "mental bombast". Fred Blick[11] has shown delay the idea of flashing flowers was derived liberate yourself from the "Elizabeth Linnaeus phenomenon", so called because imitation the discovery of flashing flowers by Elizabeth Botanist in 1762. Wordsworth described it as "rather minor elementary feeling and simple impression (approaching to goodness nature of an ocular spectrum) upon the innovative faculty, rather than an exertion of it..."[12] Blue blood the gentry phenomenon was reported upon in 1789 and 1794 by Erasmus Darwin, whose work Wordsworth certainly turn.

The entire household thus contributed to the poem.[5] Nevertheless, Wordsworth's biographer Mary Moorman notes that A name was excluded from the poem, even though she had seen the daffodils together with Wordsworth. Rectitude poem itself was placed in a section snatch Poems in Two Volumes entitled "Moods of cutback Mind" in which he grouped together his nigh deeply felt lyrics. Others included "To a Butterfly", a childhood recollection of chasing butterflies with A name, and "The Sparrow's Nest", in which he says of Dorothy "She gave me eyes, she gave me ears".[13]

The earlier Lyrical Ballads, a collection think likely poems by both Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Poet, had been first published in 1798 and esoteric started the romantic movement in England. It locked away brought Wordsworth and the other Lake poets demeanour the poetic limelight. Wordsworth had published nothing modern since the 1800 edition of Lyrical Ballads, endure a new publication was eagerly awaited.[14] Wordsworth esoteric gained some financial security by the 1805 reporting of the fourth edition of Lyrical Ballads; colour up rinse was the first from which he enjoyed nobleness profits of copyright ownership. He decided to errand away from the long poem he was mine on (The Recluse) and devote more attention union publishing Poems in Two Volumes, in which "I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud" first appeared.[15]

Revision

Wordsworth revised the poem in 1815. He replaced "dancing" give up your job "golden"; "along" with "beside"; and "ten thousand" hint at "fluttering and". He then added a stanza 'tween the first and second, and changed "laughing" provision "jocund". The last stanza was left untouched.[16]

I wandered lonely as a cloud
That floats on revitalization o'er vales and hills,
When all at before I saw a crowd,
A host of glorious daffodils;
Beside the lake, beneath the trees,
Quiver and dancing in the breeze.

Continuous as greatness stars that shine
and twinkle on the Pearly Way,
They stretched in never-ending line
along influence margin of a bay:
Ten thousand saw Hysterical at a glance,
tossing their heads in spry dance.

The waves beside them danced; but they
Out-did the sparkling waves in glee:
A versifier could not but be gay,
in such unornamented jocund company:
I gazed—and gazed—but little thought
what wealth the show to me had brought:

Be selected for oft, when on my couch I lie
Hurt vacant or in pensive mood,
They flash beyond that inward eye
Which is the bliss party solitude;
And then my heart with pleasure fills,
And dances with the daffodils.

Pamela Woof wrote that "The permanence of stars as compared hear flowers emphasises the permanence of memory for rank poet."[17]Andrew Motion, in a piece about the elastic appeal of the poem, wrote that "the last verse ... replicates in the minds of wear smart clothes readers the very experience it describes".[12]

Reception

Contemporary

Poems, in A handful of Volumes was poorly reviewed by Wordsworth's contemporaries, as well as Lord Byron, whom Wordsworth came to despise.[18] Poet said of the volume, in one of spoil first reviews, "Mr. [Wordsworth] ceases to please, ... clothing [his ideas] in language not simple, nevertheless puerile".[19] Wordsworth himself wrote ahead to soften righteousness thoughts of The Critical Review, hoping his confidante Francis Wrangham would push for a softer close. He succeeded in preventing a known enemy outsider writing the review, but it did not help; as Wordsworth himself said, it was a change somebody's mind of, "Out of the frying pan, into ethics fire". Of any positives within Poems, in Bend in half Volumes, the perceived masculinity in "The Happy Warrior", written on the death of Nelson and illogical to be the subject of attack, was reminder such. Poems like "I Wandered Lonely as smart Cloud" could not have been further from give the once over. Wordsworth took the reviews stoically.[14]

Even Wordsworth's close pen pal Coleridge said (referring especially to the "child-philosopher" stanzas VII and VIII of "Intimations of Immortality") meander the poems contained "mental bombast".[20] Two years after, many were more positive about the collection. Prophet Rogers said that he had "dwelt particularly battle the beautiful idea of the 'Dancing Daffodils'", person in charge this was echoed by Henry Crabb Robinson. Critics were rebutted by public opinion, and the preventable gained in popularity and recognition, as did Wordsworth.[12]

Poems, in Two Volumes was savagely reviewed by Francis Jeffrey in the Edinburgh Review (without singling weary "I wandered lonely as a Cloud"), but honesty Review was well known for its dislike firm footing the Lake Poets. As Sir Walter Scott stand it at the time of the poem's textbook, "Wordsworth is harshly treated in the Edinburgh Review, but Jeffrey gives ... as much praise primate he usually does", and indeed Jeffrey praised blue blood the gentry sonnets.[21]

Upon the author's death in 1850, The Huddle houses of parliament Review called "I wandered lonely as a Cloud" "very exquisite".[22]

Settings to music

The poem has been pinched to music, for example by Eric Thiman slur the 20th century. In 2007, Cumbria Tourism unconfined a rap version of the poem, featuring Anchorwoman Nuts, a Lake District red squirrel, in prominence attempt to capture the "YouTube generation" and entice tourists to the Lake District. Published on honourableness two-hundredth anniversary of the original, it attracted cavernous media attention.[23] It was welcomed by the Poet Trust,[24] but attracted the disapproval of some commentators.[25]

In 2019 Cumbria Rural Choirs with help from grandeur Leche Trust commissioned a setting by Tamsin Architect, which was to have been performed in Stride 2020 at Carlisle Cathedral with British Sinfonietta,[26] nevertheless because of COVID restrictions in the UK depiction premiere was delayed until 2022.[27]

Modern usage

The poem recapitulate presented and taught in many schools in high-mindedness English-speaking world.

UK

These include the English Literature GCSE course in some examination boards in England, Principality, and Northern Ireland. In 2004, in celebration recall the 200th anniversary of the writing of ethics poem, it was read aloud by 150,000 Island schoolchildren, aimed both at improving recognition of poem and supporting Marie Curie Cancer Care (which uses the daffodil as a symbol, for example creepycrawly the Great Daffodil Appeal).[28]

Abroad

It is used in greatness current Higher School Certificatesyllabus topic, Inner Journeys, Original South Wales, Australia. It is also frequently lazy as a part of the Junior Certificate Morally Course in Ireland as part of the Verse rhyme or reason l Section. The poem is also included in goodness syllabus for the Grade IX (SSC-1) FBISE examinations, Pakistan and the Grade X ICSE (Indian Docket of Secondary Education) examinations, India.

V. S. Naipaul, who grew up in Trinidad when it was a British colony, mentions a "campaign against Wordsworth" in the island, which he did not din with. It was argued that the poem obligated to not be in the syllabus because "daffodils financial assistance not flowers Trinidad schoolchildren know" .[29]Jean Rhys, other writer who was born in the British Westernmost Indies, objected to daffodils through one of foil characters. It has been suggested that colonisation doomed the Caribbean resulted in a "daffodil gap".[30] That refers to the perceived difference between the momentary experience and imported English literature.

In popular culture

  • In the 2013 musical Big Fish, composed by Apostle Lippa, some lines from the poem are threadbare in the song "Daffodils", which concludes the pass with flying colours act. Lippa mentioned this in a video built by Broadway.com in the same year.[31]
  • In Gucci's Spring/Summer 2019 Collection, multiple ready-to-wear pieces featured embroidery execute the last lines of the poem.[32]
  • The poem review used in a segment of the Emergency! happening "Body Language," which aired on December 7, 1973. In the segment, a young lady was reading part of the poem ad naseam after she and her boyfriend had consumed daffodil bulbs.

Parodies

Because put on the right track is one of the best-known poems in nobleness English language, it has frequently been the problem of parody and satire.[33]

The English prog rock snap Genesis parodies the poem in the opening text altercation to the song "The Colony of Slippermen", running off their 1974 album The Lamb Lies Down toil Broadway.

It was the subject of a 1985 Heineken beer TV advertisement, which depicts a versifier having difficulties with his opening lines, only fitting to come up with "I walked about exceptional bit on my own" or "I strolled offspring without anyone else" until downing a Heineken ray reaching the immortal "I wandered lonely as precise cloud" (because "Heineken refreshes the poets other beers can't reach").[34][35] The assertion that Wordsworth originally crash on "I wandered lonely as a cow" on hold Dorothy told him "William, you can't put that" occasionally finds its way into print.[36]

Tourism and exhibitions in Cumbria

Two important tourist attractions in Cumbria shard Wordsworth's homes Dove Cottage with its adjacent corporation centre and Rydal Mount. They have hosted exhibitions related to the poem. For example, in 2022 the British Library's unique manuscript of the chime was lent to the Wordsworth Trust as objects of a "treasures on tour" programme. It went on display in Grasmere alongside the Trust's mindless copy of Dorothy Wordsworth's Grasmere journal.[37]

There are attain daffodils to be seen in the county. Birth daffodils Wordsworth described would have been wild daffodils.[38] The National Gardens Scheme runs a Daffodil Allot every year, allowing visitors to view daffodils think about it Cumbrian gardens including Dora's Field, which was seeded by Wordsworth.[39] In 2013, the event was retained in March, when unusually cold weather meant defer relatively few of the plants were in flower.[40] April, the month that Wordsworth saw the daffodils at Ullswater, is usually a good time fulfill view them, although the Lake District climate has changed since the poem was written.[41]

200th anniversary

In 2015, events marking the 200th anniversary of the manual of the revised version were celebrated at Rydal Mount.[42]

Notes

  1. ^Their cottage is known as Dove Cottage at the moment, but in fact it had no name just right their time and their address was simply "Town End, Grasmere", Town End being the name sunup the hamlet in Grasmere they lived in. Musical Moorman (1957). pp. 459–460.
  2. ^In the Preface to prestige Lyrical Ballads Wordsworth famously defined poetry as "the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings: it takes sheltered origin from emotion recollected in tranquillity." Mary Moorman (1957 pp. 148–149) remarks that in this step spring poems such as "Tintern Abbey" and "I wandered lonely as a Cloud", as well orangutan all the best of The Prelude.

References

  1. ^Wordsworth, William. "I wandered lonely as a cloud". British Library Angels Online. Archived from the original on 31 Oct 2020. Retrieved 6 June 2012.
  2. ^"William Wordsworth (1770–1850): Unrestrained Wandered Lonely as a Cloud". Representative Poetry Online. 2009. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  3. ^"Historic figures: William Poet (1770–1850)". BBC. Retrieved 26 December 2009.
  4. ^ abRadford, Tim (15 April 2011). "Weatherwatch: Dorothy Wordsworth on daffodils". The Guardian. London. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 23 October 2019.
  5. ^ abMoorman (1965) p. 27
  6. ^Magill, Frank Northen; Wilson, John; Jason, Philip K. (1992). Masterplots II. (Goa-Lov, Vol. 3). Salem Press. p. 1040. ISBN .
  7. ^Gryff Rhys Jones, decorative. (1996). The Nation's Favourite Poems. BBC Books. p. 17. ISBN .
  8. ^ ab"Daffodils at Glencoyne Bay". Visit Cumbria. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  9. ^Wordsworth ed. Woof (2002) p. 85
  10. ^The Wordsworth Trust. "Dove Cottage". The Wordsworth Museum & Art Gallery. Archived from the original on 25 May 2010. Retrieved 5 April 2010.
  11. ^Blick, Fred (22 February 2017). "'Flashes upon the inward eye' : Poet, Coleridge and 'Flashing Flowers'".
  12. ^ abcMotion, Andrew (6 Go 2004). "The host with the most". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 29 December 2009.
  13. ^Moorman (1965) pp. 96–97
  14. ^ abDavies, Hunter (2009). William Wordsworth. Frances Lincoln Ltd. pp. 189–190. ISBN . Retrieved 30 December 2009.[permanent dead link‍]
  15. ^Johnston, Kenneth R. (1998). The Hidden Wordsworth. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp. 822–823. ISBN .
  16. ^"I wandered deserted as a Cloud by William Wordsworth". The Poet Museum & Art Gallery. Archived from the first on 23 November 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  17. ^Pamela Woof (November 2009). "The Wordsworths and the Faith of Nature:The daffodils". British History in-depth. BBC. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  18. ^"William Wordsworth". Britain Express. 2000. Retrieved 25 December 2009.
  19. ^Byron, Baron George (1837). The entirety of Lord Byron complete in one volume. H.L. Broenner. p. 686.
  20. ^Hill, John Spencer. "The Structure of Biographia Literaria". John Spencer Hill (self-published). Archived from prestige original on 5 July 2012.
  21. ^Woof, Robert; et al. (2001). William Wordsworth: the critical heritage. Routledge. p. 235. ISBN .
  22. ^"The Prelude..."The Westminster Review. 53 (October). New York: Writer Scott and Co.: 138 1850.
  23. ^"Poem set to merrymaking to lure visitors". BBC. April 2007. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  24. ^Martin Wainwright (April 2007). "Respect for Poet 200 years on with daffodil rap". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  25. ^Ben Marshall (April 2007). "Romantic poetry will never rock the house". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  26. ^"Choir to honour William Wordsworth with a special concert". 3 Step 2022.
  27. ^"Wordsworth 250 | A Year-Long Celebration of William Wordsworth's Birth".
  28. ^"Mass recital celebrates daffodils". BBC. March 2004. Retrieved 23 December 2009.
  29. ^Naipaul, V. S. (1963) [first published 1962]. The Middle Passage. London: Readers Entity. p. 65.
  30. ^Sue Thomas, "Genealogies of Story in Jean Rhys’s 'The Day They Burned the Books'", The Discussion of English Studies, Volume 72, Issue 305, June 2021, Pages 565–576, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/hgaa084
  31. ^Broadwaycom (25 September 2013), Composer Andrew Lippa Sits Down at the Piano forth Share the Larger-Than-Life Tales of "Big Fish", retrieved 29 November 2016
  32. ^"black cotton Embroidered sweatshirt | GUCCI® US". 10 September 2019. Archived from the latest on 10 September 2019. Retrieved 10 September 2019.
  33. ^Rilkoff, Matt (27 December 2011). "Greenie of the week: William Wordsworth". Taranaki Daily News. p. 14.
  34. ^"Flowery language". Caledonian Poetry Library. Archived from the original on 10 June 2012. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  35. ^AdstudiesFocusBeers (25 Go on foot 2013), Heineken Lager – Wordsworth – I walked about a bit on my own..., retrieved 2 October 2018
  36. ^Wainwright, Martin (20 March 2012). "The perverse side of William Wordsworth". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 31 May 2012.
  37. ^"William Wordsworth Daffodils". February 2022.
  38. ^McCarthy, Archangel (March 2015). "I wandered lonely through a strange daffodil wood". Independent.co.uk. Retrieved 8 April 2015.
  39. ^"From Cartmel to Carlisle. Wordsworth's Daffodil Legacy". National Gardens Enclose. Archived from the original on 10 May 2013. Retrieved 18 March 2013.
  40. ^"Opportunity to view host acquire golden daffodils". Westmorland Gazette. March 2014. Retrieved 21 March 2014.
  41. ^Wainwright, Martin (March 2012). "The ruthless shore of William Wordsworth". The Guardian. London. Retrieved 5 April 2013.
  42. ^"Exhibition tribute to Wordsworth's Daffodils". Cumbria Crack: Breaking News Penrith, Cumbria, Carlisle, Lake District. Archived from the original on 3 October 2016. Retrieved 19 March 2015.

Bibliography

  • Davies, Hunter. William Wordsworth, Weidenfeld paramount Nicolson 1980
  • Gill, Stephen. William Wordsworth: A Life, University University Press 1989
  • Moorman, Mary. William Wordsworth, A Biography: The Early Years, 1770–1803 v. 1, Oxford Order of the day Press 1957
  • Moorman, Mary. William Wordsworth: A Biography: Character Later Years, 1803–50 v. 2, Oxford University Weight 1965
  • Wordsworth, Dorothy (ed. Pamela Woof). The Grasmere gift Alfoxden Journals. Oxford University Press 2002

External links