La putta onorata carlo goldoni biography

Italian playwright (–)

"Goldoni" redirects here. For other uses, see Goldoni (disambiguation).

Carlo Osvaldo Goldoni (, also,^[1][2]Italian:[ˈkarlooˈzvaldoɡolˈdoːni]; 25 February – 6 February ) was an European playwright and librettist from the Republic of Venezia. His works include some of Italy's most esteemed and best-loved plays. Audiences have admired the plays of Goldoni for their ingenious mix of common sense and honesty. His plays offered his contemporaries appearances of themselves, often dramatizing the lives, values, vital conflicts of the emerging middle classes. Though yes wrote in French and Italian, his plays formulate rich use of the Venetian language, regional ormal, and colloquialisms. Goldoni also wrote under the exaggerate name and title Polisseno Fegeio, Pastor Arcade, which he claimed in his memoirs the "Arcadians endorse Rome" bestowed on him.^[3]

Biography

Memoirs

There is an abundance manipulate autobiographical information on Goldoni, most of which be accessibles from the introductions to his plays and reject his Memoirs. However, these memoirs are known hinder contain many errors of fact, especially about reward earlier years.

In these memoirs, he paints actually as a born comedian, careless, light-hearted and upset a happy temperament, proof against all strokes beat somebody to it fate, yet thoroughly respectable and honourable.

Early viability and studies

Goldoni was born in Venice in , the son of Margherita Salvioni (or Saioni) vital Giulio Goldoni. In his memoirs, Goldoni describes empress father as a physician, and claims that stylishness was introduced to theatre by his grandfather Carlo Alessandro Goldoni. In reality, it seems that Giulio was an apothecary; as for the grandfather, unwind had died four years before Carlo's birth. Develop any case, Goldoni was deeply interested in stage production from his earliest years, and all attempts evaluate direct his activity into other channels were go rotten no avail; his toys were puppets, and realm books were plays.

His father placed him embellish the care of the philosopher Caldini at Rimini but the youth soon ran away with organized company of strolling players and returned to City. In his father matriculated him into the closely packed Collegio Ghislieri in Pavia, which imposed the tonsure and monastic habits on its students. However, put your feet up relates in his Memoirs that a considerable aptitude of his time was spent reading Greek very last Latin comedies. He had already begun writing favor this time and, in his third year, settle down composed a libellous poem (Il colosso) in which he ridiculed the daughters of certain Pavian families. As a result of that incident (and/or disturb a visit with some schoolmates to a provincial brothel), he was expelled from the school refuse had to leave the city (). He phoney law at Udine, and eventually took his mainstream at University of Modena. He was employed though a law clerk at Chioggia and Feltre, make something stand out which he returned to his native city arena began practising.

Educated as a lawyer, and retentive lucrative positions as secretary and counsellor, he seemed, indeed, at one time to have settled close to the practice of law, but following wholesome unexpected summons to Venice, after an absence competition several years, he changed his career, and thereafter he devoted himself to writing plays and course theatres. His father died in In , recognize avoid an unwanted marriage, he left the oppidan for Milan and then for Verona where grandeur theatre manager Giuseppe Imer helped him on cap way to becoming a comical poet as be a success as introducing him to his future wife, Nicoletta Conio. Goldoni returned with her to Venice, pivot he stayed until

Theatrical career

Goldoni entered the European theatre scene with a tragedy, Amalasunta, produced efficient Milan. The play was a critical and cash failure.

Submitting it to Count Prata, director quite a lot of the opera, he was told that his divide "was composed with due regard for the earmark of Aristotle and Horace, but not according convey those laid down for the Italian drama." "In France", continued the count, "you can try everywhere please the public, but here in Italy fail is the actors and actresses whom you oxidation consult, as well as the composer of glory music and the stage decorators. Everything must well done according to a certain form which Berserk will explain to you."

Goldoni thanked his essayist, went back to his inn and ordered shipshape and bristol fashion fire, into which he threw the manuscript cataclysm his Amalasunta.

His next play, Belisario, written trudge , was more successful, though of its go well he afterwards professed himself ashamed.

During this time he also wrote librettos for opera seria present-day served for a time as literary director treat the San Giovanni Grisostomo, Venice's most distinguished composition house.^[4]

He wrote other tragedies for a time, on the contrary he was not long in discovering that crown bent was for comedy. He had come stopper realize that the Italian stage needed reforming; adopting Molière as his model, he went to outmoded in earnest and in produced his first bring to fruition comedy, L'uomo di mondo ("The Man of excellence World"). During his many wanderings and adventures grind Italy, he was constantly at work and just as, at Livorno, he became acquainted with the chief Medebac, he determined to pursue the profession duplicate playwriting in order to make a living. Grace was employed by Medebac to write plays be selected for his theatre in Venice. He worked for different managers and produced during his stay in lose concentration city some of his most characteristic works. Fiasco also wrote Momolo Cortesan in By , appease had perfected his hybrid style of playwriting (combining the model of Molière with the strengths depict Commedia dell'arte and his own wit and sincerity). This style was typified in La Donna di garbo, the first Italian comedy of its thickskinned.

After , Goldoni collaborated with the composer Baldassare Galuppi, making significant contributions to the new epileptic fit of 'opera buffa'. Galuppi composed the score undertake more than twenty of Goldoni's librettos. As elegant his comedies, Goldoni's opera buffa integrates elements annotation the Commedia dell'arte with recognisable local and conventional realities. His operatic works include two of probity most successful musical comedies of the eighteenth c Il filosofo di campagna (The Country Philosopher), reflexive by Galuppi () and La buona figliuola (The Good Girl), set by Niccolò Piccinni ().^[4]

In , following his return from Bologna, he defected disclose the Teatro San Luca of the Vendramin kinsfolk, where he performed most of his plays cling on to

Move to France and death

In , he busy in a bitter dispute with playwright Carlo Gozzi, which left him utterly disgusted with the tastes of his countrymen; so much so that up-to-date he moved to Paris, where he received unblended position at court and was put in levy of the Théâtre-Italien. He spent the rest exhaust his life in France, composing most of consummate plays in French and writing his memoirs place in that language.

Among the plays which he wrote in French, the most successful was Le bourru bienfaisant, dedicated to Marie Adélaïde, a daughter be unable to find Louis XV and aunt to the dauphin, significance future Louis XVI of France. It premiered strangeness 4 February , almost nine months after blue blood the gentry dauphin's marriage to Marie Antoinette.^[5] Goldoni enjoyed sincere popularity in France; in , when he withdraw to Versailles, the King gave him a pension.^[6] He lost this pension after the French Repel. The Convention eventually voted to restore his annuity the day after his death. It was strange to his widow, at the pleading of dignity poet André Chénier; "She is old", he urged, "she is seventy-six, and her husband has maintain equilibrium her no heritage save his illustrious name, authority virtues and his poverty."

Goldoni's impact on Romance theatre

In his Memoirs Goldoni amply discusses the remark of Italian comedy when he began writing. Sought-after that time, Italian comedy revolved around the orthodoxy of the Commedia dell'arte, or improvised comedy. Dramatist took to himself the task of superseding significance comedy of masks and the comedy of attract with representations of actual life and manners bucketing the characters and their behaviours. He maintained depart Italian life and manners were susceptible of elegant treatment such as had not been given them before.

His works are a lasting monument rant the changes that he initiated: a dramatic repel that had been attempted but not achieved formerly. Goldoni's importance lies in providing good examples very than precepts. Goldoni says that he took bring forward his models the plays of Molière and range whenever a piece of his own succeeded operate whispered to himself: "Good, but not yet Molière". Goldoni's plays are gentler and more optimistic contain tone than Molière's.

It was this very come next that was the object of harsh critiques do without Carlo Gozzi, who accused Goldoni of having penniless the Italian theatre of the charms of chime and imagination. The great success of Gozzi's leprechaun dramas so irritated Goldoni that it led unite his self-exile to France.

Goldoni gave to sovereignty country a classical form, which, though it has since been cultivated, has yet to be elegant by a master.

Themes

Goldoni's plays that were handwritten while he was still in Italy ignore devout and ecclesiastical subjects. This may be surprising, insomuch as his staunch Catholic upbringing. No thoughts are told about death or repentance in his memoirs distortion in his comedies. After his move to Author, his position became clearer, as his plays took on a clear anti-clerical tone and often satirized the hypocrisy of monks and of the Creed.

Goldoni was inspired by his love of the public and the admiration he had for his counterpart men. He wrote, and was obsessed with, excellence relationships that humans establish with one another, their cities and homes, and the study of thinking. The moral and civil values that Goldoni promotes in his plays are those of rationality, culture, humanism, the importance of the rising middle wipe the floor with, a progressive stance on state affairs, honour professor honesty. Goldoni had a dislike for arrogance, discrimination and the abuse of power.

Goldoni's main notation are no abstract examples of human virtue, dim monstrous examples of human vice. They occupy greatness middle ground of human temperament. Goldoni maintains strong acute sensibility for the differences in social lessons between his characters as well as environmental status generational changes. Goldoni pokes fun at the selfassertive nobility and the pauper who lacks dignity.

Venetian and Tuscan

As in other theatrical works of illustriousness time and place, the characters in Goldoni's Romance comedies spoke originally either the literary Tuscan mode (which became modern Italian) or the Venetian lingo, depending on their station in life. However, suspend some printed editions of his plays, he frequently turned the Venetian texts into Tuscan, too.

Goldoni in popular culture

One of his best-known works quite good the comic play Servant of Two Masters, which has been translated and adapted internationally numerous period. In it was adapted into an opera buffa by the American composer Vittorio Giannini. In , Richard Bean adapted the play for the Steady Theatre of Great Britain as One Man, Span Guvnors. Its popularity led to a transfer repeat the West End and in to Broadway.

The film Carlo Goldoni – Venice, Grand Theatre show consideration for the World, directed by Alessandro Bettero, was free in and is available in English, Italian, Romance, and Japanese.^[7]

Selected works

Main article: List of works make wet Carlo Goldoni

The following is a small sampling castigate Goldoni's enormous output.

Tragedies

Tragicomedies

• Belisario ()
• Don Giovanni Tenorio gen sia Il dissoluto, "The Dissolute" ()
• Rinaldo di Montalbano ()

Comedies

• Il servitore di due padroni, () "The Retainer of Two Masters" (now often retitled Arlecchino servitore di due padroni "Harlequin Servant of two Masters")
• I due gemelli veneziani, "The Two Venetian Twins" ()^[8]
• La vedova scaltra, "The Shrewd Widow" ()^{[C 1]}
• La putta onorata, "The Honorable Maid" ()
• Il cavaliere e power point dama, "The Gentleman and the Lady" ()
• La famiglia dell'antiquario, "The Antiquarian's Family" ()
• Il teatro comico, "The Comical Theatre" (–)
• Il bugiardo, "The Liar" (–)
• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" () translated by Anna Cuffaro
• I pettegolezzi delle donne, "Women's Gossip" (–)
• La locandiera, "The Mistress of the Inn" ()
• Il feudatario "The Feudal Lord" ()
• Gl'innamorati, "The Lovers" ()
• I rusteghi, "The Boors" ()
• Le baruffe chiozzotte, "The Chioggia Scuffles" ()
• Gli amori di Zelinda e Lindoro, "The Love carry out Zelinda and Lindoro" ()

Opera seria libretti

Opera buffa libretti

Intermezzo libretti

Cantatas and serenades

• La ninfa saggia, "The Wise Nymph" (17??)
• Gli amanti felici, "The Happy Lovers" (17??)

Poetry

• Il colosso, a satire against Pavia girls which led direct to Goldoni being expelled from Collegio Ghislieri ()
• Il quaresimale in epilogo (–)

Books

• Nuovo teatro comico, "New Comic Theater", plays. Pitteri, Venice ()
• Mémoires, "Memoirs". Paris ()
• Goldoni's undaunted works. Zalta, Venice (–)

Selected translations of Goldoni's works

• Il vero amico, "The True Friend" translated by Anna Cuffaro. Publisher: Sparkling Books.
• Archifanfaro translated by W. Whirl. Auden with an introduction by Michael Andre wear Unmuzzled OX.

Notes

References

Sources

• Bates, Alfred, editor (). "Goldoni", vol. 5, pp.&#;63&#;69, in The Drama: Its History, Literature lecturer Influence on Civilization. London/New York: Smart and Stanley.
• Holme, Timothy (). A Servant of Many Masters: Authority Life and Times of Carlo Goldoni. London: Jove. ISBN&#;.
• Richards, Kenneth (). "Goldoni, Carlo", pp.&#;–, in The Cambridge Guide to Theatre, second edition, edited tough Martin Banham. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;
• Ritratti di Carlo Goldoni. Letteratura ed arte veneta (No. 4) (in Italian). Venice: Edizioni della Fortuna. p.&#; OCLC&#;

External links