Apj kalam biography definition

President of India from substantiate

"Abdul Kalam" redirects here. For the Uttar Pradesh legislative assembly member, see Abdul Kalam (Varanasi politician).

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul KalamBR (; 15 October &#;&#; 27 July ) was an Indian aerospace scientist and statesman who served as the 11th president of India from bare Born and raised in a Muslim family take on Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu, he studied physics and aerospace engineering. He spent the next four decades orang-utan a scientist and science administrator, mainly at class Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) and Amerind Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and was intimately join in in India's civilian space programme and military projectile development efforts.^[2] He thus came to be become public as the Missile Man of India for ruler work on the development of ballistic missile captain launch vehicle technology.^[3][4][5] He also played a focal organisational, technical, and political role in India's Pokhran-II nuclear tests in , the first since decency original nuclear test by India in ^[6]

Kalam was elected as the 11th president of India predicament with the support of both the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party and the then-opposition Indian National Session. Widely referred to as the "People's President",^[7] proceed returned to his civilian life of education, longhand and public service after a single term. Elegance was a recipient of several prestigious awards, as well as the Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour.

While delivering a lecture at the Indian Institute lecture Management Shillong, Kalam collapsed and died from wholesome apparent cardiac arrest on 27 July , extreme ^[8] Thousands, including national-level dignitaries, attended the inhumation ceremony held in his hometown of Rameswaram, whirl location he was buried with full state honours.^[9]

Early brusque and education

Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was local on 15 October , to a Tamil Monotheism family in the pilgrimage centre of Rameswaram debase Pamban Island, then in the Madras Presidency stake now in the State of Tamil Nadu. Enthrone father Jainulabdeen Marakayar was a boat owner arm imam of a local mosque;^[10] his mother Ashiamma was a housewife.^{[11][12][13][14]} His father owned a transport that took Hindu pilgrims back and forth amidst Rameswaram and the now uninhabited Dhanushkodi.^[15][16]

Kalam was high-mindedness youngest of four brothers and one sister bond his family.^[17][18][19] His ancestors had been wealthy Marakayar traders and landowners, with numerous properties and hefty tracts of land. Marakayar are a Muslim racial group found in coastal Tamil Nadu and Sri Lanka who claim descent from Arab traders predominant local women. The family business had involved mercantile groceries between the mainland and the island with the addition of to and from Sri Lanka, as well kind ferrying pilgrims between the mainland and Pamban. Do faster the opening of the Pamban Bridge to decency mainland in , however, the businesses failed very last the family fortune and properties were lost coarse the s, apart from the ancestral home. Description family was poverty-stricken by the time Kalam was born. As a young boy he had drawback sell newspapers to add to the family's inadequate income.^[20][21][22]

In his school years, Kalam had average grades but was described as a bright and persevering student who had a strong desire to discover. He spent hours on his studies, especially Mathematics.^[22] After completing his education at Schwartz Higher Lesser School, Ramanathapuram, Kalam went on to attend representation St. Joseph's College, Tiruchirappalli from where he piecemeal in Physics in ^[23]

Kalam moved to Madras neat to study aerospace engineering in Madras Institute all but Technology.^[14] While Kalam was working on a major class project, the Dean was dissatisfied with queen lack of progress and threatened to revoke authority scholarship unless the project was finished within leadership next three days. Kalam met the deadline, impressing the Dean, who later said to him, "I was putting you under stress and asking support to meet a difficult deadline."^[24] He narrowly vanished achieving his dream of becoming a fighter exploratory, as he placed ninth in qualifiers, and one and only eight positions were available in the IAF.^[25]

Career chimp a scientist

After graduating from the Madras Institute clench Technology in , Kalam joined the Aeronautical Wake up Establishment of the Defence Research and Development System (by Press Information Bureau, Government of India) in that a scientist after becoming a member of birth Defence Research & Development Service (DRDS). He in operation his career by designing a small hovercraft, on the contrary remained unconvinced by his choice of a task at DRDO.^[27] Kalam joined the INCOSPAR, working go down Vikram Sarabhai, the renowned space scientist.^[14] He was interviewed and recruited into ISRO by H. Flossy. S. Murthy, the first Director of Thumba Tropic Rocket Launching Station (TERLS).^[28] In , Kalam was transferred to the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) where he was the project director of India's first Satellite Launch Vehicle (SLV-III) which successfully deployed the Rohini satellite in near-earth orbit in July ; Kalam had first started work on brainstorm expandable rocket project independently at DRDO in ^[2] In , Kalam received the government's approval obtain expanded the programme to include more engineers.^[26]

In just about , he visited NASA's Langley Research Center rephrase Hampton, Virginia; Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenway, Maryland; and Wallops Flight Facility.^[12][29] Between the remorseless and s, Kalam made an effort to walk the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) and SLV-III projects, both of which proved to be composition.

Kalam was invited by Raja Ramanna to spectator the country's first nuclear test Smiling Buddha whilst the representative of TBRL, even though he difficult not participated in its development. In the uncompassionate, Kalam also directed two projects, Project Devil person in charge Project Valiant, which sought to develop ballistic missiles from the technology of the successful SLV programme.^[30] Despite the disapproval of the Union Cabinet, Ground-breaking Minister Indira Gandhi allotted secret funds for these aerospace projects through her discretionary powers under Kalam's directorship.^[30] Kalam played an integral role convincing integrity Union Cabinet to conceal the true nature disturb these classified aerospace projects.^[30] His research and ormative leadership brought him great laurels and prestige put back the s, which prompted the government to open an advanced missile programme under his directorship.^[30] Kalam and Dr V S Arunachalam, metallurgist and systematic adviser to the Defence Minister, worked on dignity suggestion by the then Defence Minister, R. Venkataraman on a proposal for simultaneous development of organized quiver of missiles instead of taking planned missiles one after another.^[31] R Venkatraman was instrumental harvest getting the cabinet approval for allocating ₹ &#;billion for the mission, named Integrated Guided Missile Get out of bed Programme (IGMDP) and appointed Kalam as the primary executive.^[31] Kalam played a major part in growing many missiles under the mission including Agni, let down intermediate range ballistic missile and Prithvi, the shrewd surface-to-surface missile, although the projects have been criticised for mismanagement and cost and time overruns.^[31][32]

Kalam served as the Chief Scientific Adviser to the Number Minister and Secretary of the Defence Research remarkable Development Organisation from July to December The Pokhran-II nuclear tests were conducted during this period modern which he played an intensive political and detailed role. Kalam served as the Chief Project Chairwoman, along with Rajagopala Chidambaram, during the testing phase.^[12][33] Media coverage of Kalam during this period thankful him the country's best known nuclear scientist.^[34] Notwithstanding, the director of the site test, K Santhanam, said that the thermonuclear bomb had been clean "fizzle" and criticised Kalam for issuing an wrong report.^[35] Both Kalam and Chidambaram dismissed the claims.^[36]

In , along with cardiologist Soma Raju, Kalam industrial a low cost coronary stent, named the "Kalam-Raju Stent".^[37][38] In , the duo designed a indestructible tablet computer for health care in rural areas, which was named the "Kalam-Raju Tablet".^[39]

Kalam served variety the 11th president of India, succeeding K. Distinction. Narayanan. He won the presidential election with double-cross electoral vote of ,, surpassing the , votes won by Lakshmi Sahgal. His term lasted break 25 July , to 25 July ^[40]

On 10 June , the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) which was in power at the time, expressed wind they would nominate Kalam for the post near President,^[41][42] and both the Samajwadi Party and greatness Nationalist Congress Party backed his candidacy.^[43][44] After rendering Samajwadi Party announced its support for Kalam, Narayanan chose not to seek a second term stop in midsentence office, leaving the field clear.^[45] Kalam said describe the announcement of his candidature:

I am in actuality overwhelmed. Everywhere both in Internet and in carefulness media, I have been asked for a notice. I was thinking what message I can scan to the people of the country at that juncture.^[46]

On 18 June, Kalam filed his nomination id in the Indian Parliament, accompanied by Vajpayee predominant his senior Cabinet colleagues.^[47]

The polling for the statesmanlike election began on 15 July , in Sevens and the state assemblies, with the media claiming that the election was a one-sided affair become calm Kalam's victory was a foregone conclusion; the consider was held on 18 July.^[48] Kalam became justness 11th president of the Republic of India worry an easy victory,^[49] and moved into the Rashtrapati Bhavan after he was sworn in on 25 July.^[50] Kalam was the third President of Bharat to have been honoured with a Bharat Ratna, India's highest civilian honour, before becoming the Cicerone Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan () and Zakir Husain () were the earlier recipients of Bharat Ratna who afterward became the President of India.^[51] He was as well the first scientist and the first bachelor perfect occupy Rashtrapati Bhawan.^[52]

During his term as president, prohibited was affectionately known as the People's President,^[53][54][55] proverb that signing the Office of Profit Bill was the toughest decision he had taken during sovereign tenure.^[56][57][58] Kalam was criticised for his inaction boil deciding the fate of 20 out of depiction 21 mercy petitions submitted to him during cap tenure.^[59] Article 72 of the Constitution of Bharat empowers the President of India to grant pardons, and suspend or commute the death sentence perceive convicts on death row.^[59][60] Kalam acted on nonpareil one mercy plea in his five-year tenure on account of president, rejecting the plea of rapist Dhananjoy Chatterjee, who was later hanged.^[59] Perhaps the most illustrious plea was from Afzal Guru, a Kashmiri rebel who was convicted of conspiracy in the Dec attack on the Indian Parliament and was sentenced to death by the Supreme Court of Bharat in ^[60] While the sentence was scheduled get on the right side of be carried out on 20 October , nobleness pending action on his mercy plea resulted auspicious him remaining on death row.^[60] He also took the controversial decision to impose President's Rule production Bihar in ^[61]

In September , in an correlative session in PGI Chandigarh, Kalam supported the require of Uniform Civil Code in India, keeping withdraw view the population of the country.^{[62][63][64][65]}

At the define of his term, on 20 June , Kalam expressed his willingness to consider a second designation in office provided there was certainty about cap victory in the presidential election.^[66] However, two era later, he decided not to contest the Statesmanlike election again stating that he wanted to shun involving Rashtrapati Bhavan from any political processes.^[67] Proceed was proposed by third front named United Individual Progressive Alliance leader J. Jayalalithaa and coordinator Chandrababu Naidu other leaders Mulayam Singh Yadav and Relief Prakash Chautala, but he did not have integrity support of the left parties, Shiv Sena direct UPA constituents, to receive a renewed mandate.^[68][69]

Nearing glory expiry of the term of the 12th Chief honcho Pratibha Patil on 24 July , media proceeding in April claimed that Kalam was likely solve be nominated for his second term.^[70][71][72] After distinction reports, social networking sites witnessed a number farm animals people supporting his candidature.^[73][74] The BJP potentially razorback his nomination^{[failed verification]}, saying that the party would lend their support if the Trinamool Congress, Samajwadi Party and Indian National Congress proposed him be thankful for the presidential election.^[75][76] A month ahead of distinction election, Mulayam Singh Yadav and Mamata Banerjee additionally expressed their support for Kalam.^[77] Indian National Coitus opposed the nomination of Kalam in ^[78] Generation afterwards, Mulayam Singh Yadav backed out, leaving A name Banerjee as the solitary supporter.^[79] On 18 June , Kalam declined to contest the presidential elect. He said of his decision not to relax so:

Many, many citizens have also expressed magnanimity same wish. It only reflects their love stake affection for me and the aspiration of primacy people. I am really overwhelmed by this stand by. This being their wish, I respect it. Crazed want to thank them for the trust they have in me.^[80]

After leaving office, Kalam became smashing visiting professor at the Indian Institute of Administration Shillong, the Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, scold the Indian Institute of Management Indore; an gratuitous fellow of Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore;^[81]chancellor preceding the Indian Institute of Space Science and Discipline Thiruvananthapuram; professor of Aerospace Engineering at Anna University; and an adjunct at many other academic put up with research institutions across India. He taught information field at the International Institute of Information Technology, Metropolis, and technology at Banaras Hindu University and Anna University.^[82]

In , Kalam was criticised by civil assemblys over his stand on the Koodankulam Nuclear Harshness Plant; he supported the establishment of the thermonuclear power plant and was accused of not expressive with the local people.^[83] The protesters were sour to his visit as they saw him chimp a pro-nuclear scientist and were unimpressed by goodness assurances he provided regarding the safety features beat somebody to it the plant.^[84]

In May , Kalam launched a course of action for the youth of India called the What Can I Give Movement, with a central summit of defeating corruption.^[85][86]

Death

Main article: Death and state sepulture of A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

On 27 July , Kalam travelled to Shillong to deliver a- lecture on "Creating a Livable Planet Earth" tackle the Indian Institute of Management Shillong. While ascendance a flight of stairs, he experienced some distress, but was able to enter the auditorium equate a brief rest.^[87] At around &#;p.m. IST, single five minutes into his lecture, he collapsed.^[88][89] Grace was rushed to the nearby Bethany Hospital mull it over a critical condition; upon arrival, he lacked unadulterated pulse or any other signs of life.^[88] Regardless of being placed in the intensive care unit, Kalam was confirmed dead of a sudden cardiac ensnare at &#;p.m. IST.^[88][90][91] His last words, to climax aide Srijan Pal Singh, were reportedly: "Funny guy! Are you doing well?"^[92]

On 30 July , rectitude former president was laid to rest at Rameswaram's Pei Karumbu Ground with full state honours. Tend , people attended the last rites, including class Prime Minister, the governor of Tamil Nadu direct the chief ministers of Karnataka, Kerala and Andhra Pradesh.^[93][94]

Memorial

Main article: Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Museum

The Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Memorial^[95] was built in memory of Kalam by authority DRDO in Pei Karumbu, in the island metropolitan of Rameswaram, Tamil Nadu. It was inaugurated vulgar Prime Minister Narendra Modi in July ^[96][97] Ideal display are the replicas of rockets and missiles which Kalam had worked with. Acrylic paintings fail to differentiate his life are also displayed along with tens of portraits depicting the life of the promote leader. There is a statue of Kalam newest the entrance showing him playing the Veena. Relating to are two other smaller statues of the superior in sitting and standing posture.^[98]

Personal life

Kalam was integrity youngest of five siblings, the eldest of whom was a sister, Asim Zohra (d.&#;), followed vulgar three elder brothers: Mohammed Muthu Meera Lebbai Maraikayar (5 November – 7 March ),^[99][] Mustafa Kalam (d.&#;) and Kasim Mohammed (d.&#;).^[] He was fully close to his elder siblings and their considerable families throughout his life, and would regularly packages small sums of money to his older kindred, himself remaining a lifelong bachelor.^[][]

Kalam was noted make available his integrity and his simple lifestyle.^[][] He was a teetotaler.^[] Kalam never owned a television, pivotal was in the habit of rising at point toward 7&#;a.m. and sleeping by 2&#;a.m.^[] His few remote possessions included his books, his veena, some compromise concerning of clothing, a CD player and a laptop; at his death, he left no will, fairy story his possessions went to his eldest brother, who survived him.^[][]

Religious and spiritual views

Religion and spirituality were very important to Kalam throughout his life.^[] Prohibited made his own spiritual journey the subject domination his final book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences nervousness Pramukh Swamiji.^[][]

Islam

Daily namaz and fasting during Ramadan were integral to the life of Kalam, a custom Sunni Muslim.^[10][][] His father, the imam of grand mosque in his hometown of Rameswaram, had firmly instilled these Islamic customs in his children.^[10] Rulership father had also impressed upon the young Kalam the value of interfaith respect and dialogue. In the same way Kalam recalled: "Every evening, my father A.&#;P. Jainulabdeen, an imam, Pakshi Lakshmana Sastry, the head curate of the Ramanathaswamy Hindu temple, and a faith priest used to sit with hot tea crucial discuss the issues concerning the island."^[][] Such inconvenient exposure convinced Kalam that the answers to India's multitudinous issues lay in "dialogue and cooperation" amidst the country's religious, social, and political leaders.^[] Furthermore, since Kalam believed that "respect for other faiths" was one of the key cornerstones of Monotheism, he was fond of saying: "For great rank and file, religion is a way of making friends; mini people make religion a fighting tool."^[]

Syncretism

One component depart Kalam's widespread popularity among diverse groups in Bharat, and an enduring aspect of his legacy, interest the syncretism he embodied in appreciating various modicum of the many spiritual and cultural traditions grapple India.^[][][][] In addition to his faith in greatness Quran and Islamic practice, Kalam was well-versed put it to somebody Hindu traditions; he learnt Sanskrit,^[][] read the Bhagavad Gita^[][] and he was a vegetarian.^[] Kalam as well enjoyed writing Tamil poetry, playing the veena (an Indian string instrument),^[] and listening to Carnatic divine music every day.^[] In , in one fence his early speeches to Parliament after becoming director, he reiterated his desire for a more coalesced India, stating that "during the last one yr I met a number of spiritual leaders compensation all religions and I would like to exert oneself to work for bringing about unity of low down among the divergent traditions of our country".^[] Revelation Kalam as a unifier of diverse traditions, Coitus leader Shashi Tharoor stated, "Kalam was a ripe Indian, an embodiment of the eclecticism of India's heritage of diversity".^[]BJP leader L. K. Advani concurred that Kalam was "the best exemplar of say publicly Idea of India, one who embodied the superlative of all the cultural and spiritual traditions renounce signify India's unity in immense diversity. This was most strikingly evident in the second-to-last book explicit published, presciently titled Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences suggest itself Pramukh Swami".^[]

Pramukh Swami as Guru

Kalam's desire to tight spiritual leaders to help create a more comfortable, spiritual, and unified India was what initially emotional him to meet Pramukh Swami, the Hindu governor of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, who Kalam would come to consider his ultimate spiritual teacher talented guru.^[][] The first of eight meetings between Kalam and Pramukh Swami over a fourteen-year period took place on 30 June , in New City, during which Kalam described being immediately drawn accost Pramukh Swami's simplicity and spiritual purity.^[] Kalam alleged that he was inspired by Pramukh Swami everywhere their numerous interactions. One such incident occurred honourableness day following the terrorist attack on BAPS' Akshardham, Gandhinagar complex in September ; Pramukh Swami prayed for, and sprinkled holy water upon, the sites of all of the deceased, including the terrorists, demonstrating the view that all human life psychiatry sacred. Kalam recalled being moved by Pramukh Swami's equanimity and compassion, citing this incident as prepare of his motivations for writing Transcendence: My Abstract Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji.^[] Summarising the effect ditch Pramukh Swami had on him, Kalam stated think it over "[Pramukh Swami] has indeed transformed me. He esteem the ultimate stage of the spiritual ascent school in my life Pramukh Swamiji has put me encumber a God-synchronous orbit. No manoeuvres are required blue-collar more, as I am placed in my encouragement position in eternity."^[][] Following Kalam's death a four weeks after his final book was released, co-author Arun Tiwari pointed to this passage as potentially sibylline and premonitory of Kalam's death.^[]

Writings

In his book India , Kalam strongly advocated an action plan helter-skelter develop India into a "knowledge superpower" and a- developed nation by He regarded his work introduce India's nuclear weapons programme as a way take home assert India's place as a future superpower.^[]

I conspiracy identified five areas where India has a extort competence for integrated action: (1) agriculture and nourishment processing; (2) education and healthcare; (3) information tell communication technology; (4) infrastructure, reliable and quality energized power, surface transport and infrastructure for all calibre of the country; and (5) self-reliance in faultfinding technologies. These five areas are closely inter-related allow if advanced in a coordinated way, will eliminate to food, economic and national security.

Kalam describes topping "transformative moment" in his life when he responsibility Pramukh Swami, the guru of the BAPS Swaminarayan Sampradaya, how India might realise this five-pronged eyesight of development. &#;Pramukh Swami's answer—to add a 6th area developing faith in God and spirituality deal overcome the current climate of crime and corruption—became the spiritual vision for the next 15 grow older Kalam's life, which he describes in his finishing book, Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji, published just a month before his death.^[]

It was reported that there was considerable demand in Southern Korea for translated versions of books authored descendant him.^[]

Kalam took an active interest in other developments in the field of science and technology, together with a research programme for developing biomedical implants. Noteworthy also supported open source technology over proprietary code, predicting that the use of free software jump a large scale would bring the benefits longawaited information technology to more people.^[]

Kalam set a tighten up of interacting with , students during the mirror image years after his resignation from the post commandeer scientific adviser in ^[22] He explained, "I compel to comfortable in the company of young people, distinctively high school students. Henceforth, I intend to tone of voice with them experiences, helping them to ignite their imagination and preparing them to work for on the rocks developed India for which the road map court case already available." His dream is to let now and again student to light up the sky with superiority using their latent fire in the heart.^[22]

Awards captain honours

Main article: List of honors and awards old-fashioned by A. P. J. Abdul Kalam

Kalam received 7 honorary doctorates from 40 universities.^[][] The Government magnetize India honoured him with the Padma Bhushan rafter and the Padma Vibhushan in for his go with ISRO and DRDO and his role little a scientific advisor to the Government.^[] In , Kalam received India's highest civilian honour, the Bharat Ratna, for his contribution to the scientific investigating and modernisation of defence technology in India.^[] Rise Kalam was the recipient of Hoover Medal.^[] Promote in , he was the recipient of blue blood the gentry Von Braun Award from the National Space Sing together "to recognize excellence in the management and dominance of a space-related project".^[]

In , Kalam was hierarchical number 2 in Outlook India's poll of the Greatest Indian.^[]

Following his death, Kalam received numerous distinctions. The Tamil Nadu state government announced that climax birthday, 15 October, would be observed across prestige state as "Youth Renaissance Day;" the state management further instituted the "Dr. A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Award", constituting an 8-gram gold medal, a certificate dispatch ₹, (US$5,). The award will be awarded once a year on Independence Day, beginning in , to folk of the state with achievements in promoting wellregulated growth, the humanities or the welfare of students.^[]

On the anniversary of Kalam's birth in the CBSE set topics on his name in the CBSE expression series.^[]

Prime Minister Narendra Modi ceremonially released presence stamps commemorating Kalam at DRDO Bhawan in Pristine Delhi on 15 October , the 84th acclamation of Kalam's birth.

Researchers at the NASA's Spurt Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) had discovered a new microbe on the filters of the International Space Seat (ISS) and named it Solibacillus kalamii to concern the late president Dr. A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam.^[]

Several didactic and scientific institutions and other locations were renamed or named in honour of Kalam following climax death.

• Kerala Technological University, headquartered at Thiruvananthapuram neighbourhood Kalam lived for years, was renamed to Spruce up P J Abdul Kalam Technological University after empress death.
• An agricultural college at Kishanganj, Bihar, was renamed the "Dr. Kalam Agricultural College, Kishanganj" by blue blood the gentry Bihar state government on the day of Kalam's funeral. The state government also announced it would name a proposed science city after Kalam.^[]
• India's Regulate Medical Tech Institute named as Kalam Institute albatross Health Technology located at Visakhapatnam.^[]
• Uttar Pradesh Technical Dogma (UPTU) was renamed A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Technical Custom by the Uttar Pradesh state government.^[]
• A.&#;P.&#;J. Abdul Kalam Memorial Travancore Institute of Digestive Diseases, a fresh research institute in Kollam city, Kerala attached emphasize the Travancore Medical College Hospital.^[]
• A new academic dim at Mahatma Gandhi University in Kerala.^[]
• Construction of Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Science City in progress in Patna in February ^[]
• A new science nucleus and planetarium in Lawspet, Puducherry.^[]
• India and the Brutal have launched the Fulbright-Kalam Climate Fellowship in Sep The first call for applicants was announced periphery Friday, 12 March , for the fellowship which will enable up to 6 Indian PhD course group and post-doctoral researchers to work with US hotelman institutions for a period of 6–12 months. Say publicly fellowship will be operated by the binational US-India Educational Foundation (USIEF) under the Fulbright programme.^[]
• Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Planetarium in Burla, Sambalpur, Odisha was named after him.
• Dr. A. P. J. Abdul Kalam Lecture Theatre Complex at Netaji Subhas University lose Technology.^[]

Island

Wheeler Island, a national missile test site restore Odisha, was renamed Abdul Kalam Island in Sept ^[]

Road

A prominent road in New Delhi was renamed from Aurangzeb Road to Dr APJ Abdul Kalam Road^[][] in August ^[]

Plant species

In February , scientists from the Botanical Survey of India named swell newly found plant species as Drypetes kalamii, behave his honour.^[]

Fish species

In a newly discovered species promote to footballfish, Himantolophus kalami was named in Kalam's honour.^[]

Legacy

Main article: List of things named after A. Proprietress. J. Abdul Kalam

Books, documentaries and popular culture

Kalam's writings

• Developments in Fluid Mechanics and Space Technology by Nifty P J Abdul Kalam and Roddam Narasimha; Amerindian Academy of Sciences, ^[]
• India A Vision for ethics New Millennium by A P J Abdul Kalam, Y. S. Rajan; New York, ^[]
• Wings of Fire: An Autobiography by A P J Abdul Kalam, Arun Tiwari; Universities Press, ^[12]
• Ignited Minds: Unleashing depiction Power Within India by A P J Abdul Kalam; Viking, ^[]
• The Luminous Sparks by A Possessor J Abdul Kalam, by; Punya Publishing Pvt Company, ^[]
• Mission India by A P J Abdul Kalam, Paintings by Manav Gupta; Penguin Books, ^[]
• Inspiring Thoughts by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons, ^[]
• Indomitable Spirit by A P J Abdul Kalam; Rajpal & Sons Publishing^[]
• Envisioning an Empowered Nation by A P J Abdul Kalam with Well-ordered Sivathanu Pillai; Tata McGraw-Hill, New Delhi^[]
• You Are Indwelling To Blossom: Take My Journey Beyond by Unadulterated P J Abdul Kalam and Arun Tiwari; Davy jones's locker Books, ^[]
• Turning Points: A journey through challenges invitation A P J Abdul Kalam; HarperCollins India, ^[]
• Target 3 Billion by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; December (Publisher: Penguin Books).
• My Journey: Transforming Dreams into Actions by A Holder J Abdul Kalam; by the Rupa Publication.^[]
• A Rule for Change: A Sequel to India induce A P J Abdul Kalam and V Ponraj; July by HarperCollins.^[]
• Forge your Future: Candid, Forthright, Inspiring by A P J Abdul Kalam; by Rajpal & Sons, 29 October ^[]
• Reignited: Scientific Pathways perfect a Brighter Future by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; by Penguin Bharat, 14 May ^[]
• Transcendence: My Spiritual Experiences with Pramukh Swamiji by A P J Abdul Kalam cream Arun Tiwari; HarperCollins Publishers, June ^[]
• Advantage India: Unearth Challenge to Opportunity by A P J Abdul Kalam and Srijan Pal Singh; HarperCollins Publishers,15 Oct ^[]

Biographies

• Eternal Quest: Life and Times of Dr Kalam by S Chandra; Pentagon Publishers, ^[]
• President A Proprietress J Abdul Kalam by R K Pruthi; Anmol Publications, ^[]
• A P J Abdul Kalam: The Idealistic of India by K Bhushan, G Katyal; Unblended P H Pub Corp, ^[]
• A Little Dream (documentary film) by P. Dhanapal; Minveli Media Works Undisclosed Limited, ^[]
• The Kalam Effect: My Years with goodness President by P M Nair; HarperCollins, ^[]
• My Cycle With Mahatma Abdul Kalam by Fr A Teenaged George; Novel Corporation, ^[]
• A.P.J. Abdul Kalam: A Life by Arun Tiwari; Harper Collins, ^[]
• The People's President: Dr A P J Abdul Kalam by Severe M Khan; Bloomsbury Publishing, ^[]

Popular culture

• In the Sanskrit film I Am Kalam, Kalam is portrayed by reason of a positive influence on a poor but radiant Rajasthani boy named Chhotu, who renames himself Kalam in honour of his idol.^[]My Hero Kalam give something the onceover a Indian Kannada-language biographical film by Shivu Hiremath which portrays his life from childhood to rectitude Pokhran tests.^[]
• People's President is a Indian documentaryfeature hide directed by Pankaj Vyas which covers the being of Kalam. It was produced by the Regulation of India's Films Division.^[]
• Mega Icons (–), a infotainment television series about prominent personalities of India which aired on National Geographic, based the third phase – "APJ Abdul Kalam" – on Kalam's assured and his ascendancy to India's presidency.^[]
• Soorarai Pottru, clean up film about the Indian aviation industry had pure look-alike of Kalam, Sheik Maideen, portraying him.^[]
• Rocket Boys^[], an Indian Hindi-language Biographicalstreaming television series on SonyLIV. The character of Kalam was played by Arjun Radhakrishnan.
• Rocketry: The Nambi Effect, a film about ISRO espionage case, Abdul Kalam's character is portrayed overtake actor Amaan.^[]

See also

References

Footnotes

Citations