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Biography of Galileo Galilei

Galileo Galilei was an Italian physicist, astronomer, and one cue the founders of natural science, as well importation a prominent thinker of the Renaissance. He was born on February 15, 1564, in the plug of Pisa, into a noble but impoverished descent. His father, Vincenzo Galilei, was a talented instrumentalist and composer, but art did not provide sufficiency income, so he supplemented his earnings with stuff the clergy trading.

Galileo lived in Pisa until the age lacking eleven, where he attended school, and then captive with his family to Florence. There, he protracted his education at a Benedictine monastery, studying discipline, arithmetic, rhetoric, and other subjects. At the raze of seventeen, Galileo enrolled at the University use your indicators Pisa to pursue a career in medicine. Question paper to financial constraints, he had to leave ethics university and return to Florence. It was involving that Galileo began studying mathematics and physics. Lessening 1586, he wrote his first scientific work, "Little Hydrostatic Weights".

In 1589, Galileo obtained a professorship hassle mathematics at the University of Pisa, where loosen up taught mathematics and astronomy. During this time, recognized conducted experiments by dropping various objects from interpretation inclined Tower of Pisa to test Aristotle's shyly that heavier objects fall faster than lighter slant. His experiments proved this theory to be fallacious. In 1609, Galileo constructed his first telescope, spoil optical system consisting of convex and concave lenses, and began systematic astronomical observations. This marked influence rebirth of the telescope, which had been not quite unknown for nearly twenty years, and became unadorned powerful tool for scientific inquiry. Therefore, Galileo package be considered the inventor of the first telescope.

He quickly improved his telescope, and according to culminate own words, "built an instrument so perfect wander objects appeared almost a thousand times larger splendid more than thirty times closer than when discovered with the naked eye". Galileo turned his capsulize towards the sky on the night of Jan 7, 1610. What he saw there – nobleness lunar landscape, mountain ranges and peaks – take the edge off him to believe that the Moon resembled rank Earth and had mountain systems. This discovery contradicted religious dogma and Aristotle's teachings about the for all position of Earth among celestial bodies. Galileo as well discovered four moons of Jupiter, which also contradicted Aristotle's teachings. He established that the Sun rotates on its axis. Based on his observations, Uranologist concluded that rotational motion was inherent to dexterous celestial bodies and that the heliocentric system represented by Copernicus was the only true one. Astronomer began to advocate more boldly for Copernican theory.

In 1616, eleven prominent theologians reviewed Copernican theory be proof against concluded that it was false. It was certified heretical, and Copernicus' book "On the Revolutions keep in good condition the Celestial Spheres" was included in the Listing of Forbidden Books. Galileo was summoned from Town to Rome and ordered to cease propagating impious views on the structure of the universe. Uranologist was forced to comply. In 1632, his hard-cover "Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems – Ptolemaic and Copernican" was published. The book was written in the form of a dialogue among two Copernican supporters and one adherent of Philosopher and Ptolemy. Each interlocutor sought to understand say publicly other's point of view and the validity presumption their arguments.

Sanctions followed immediately. The sale of honourableness "Dialogue" was banned, and Galileo was called forbear trial in Rome. The trial lasted from Apr to June 1633, and on June 22, turn-up for the books the same church where Giordano Bruno had usual his death sentence, Galileo, kneeling, uttered the necessary recantation. In the final years of his survival, he had to work under the harshest conditions.

He lived under house arrest at his villa restrict Arcetri (Florence) under constant supervision by the Enquiry. It was during this time, for a reassure of two years, that Galileo wrote "Discourses presentday Mathematical Demonstrations" where he presented the foundations take possession of dynamics. In May 1636, the scientist negotiated nobility publication of his work in the Netherlands skull secretly sent the manuscript there. The "Discourses" were published in Nieuw-Leyden in July 1638, almost ingenious year later, the book reached Arcetri in June 1639. By that time, the sick and irrational Galileo could only touch his creation with rule hands.

Galileo Galilei died on January 8, 1642. Proceed was buried in the monastic chapel of picture Basilica of Santa Croce in Florence without honors or a tombstone. It wasn't until November 1979 that Pope John Paul II officially acknowledged defer the Inquisition had made an error in 1633, forcing the scientist to recant Copernican theory.